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Insomnia
PCPA - causes depletion of serotonin, Caffeine - binds to adenosine receptors (A1/A2A) without activating them, CUMS - leads to a state of chronic hyperarousal, increasing proinflammatory cytokines and decreasing neurotransmitter levels like 5-HT and GABA

Insomnia

  • Genotype

    PCPA, Caffeine, CUMS

  • Mechanism

    PCPA - causes depletion of serotonin, Caffeine - binds to adenosine receptors (A1/A2A) without activating them, CUMS - leads to a state of chronic hyperarousal, increasing proinflammatory cytokines and decreasing neurotransmitter levels like 5-HT and GABA

  • Phenotype

    Sleep latency, Total sleep time, Sleep fragmentation, Locomotor activity, Cognitive impairment, Depression, Circadian rhythm disruption

  • Biomarker

    Orexin, CRH, ACTH, Cortisol, Adenosine

  • Gene Expression Markers

    TPH2, AANAT, GRIN1, HCRT, CLOCK, BMAL1

  • Physiology Changes

    EEG - Altered REM, NREM, Disrupted rhythm during night

  • Histology Grading Endpoint

    Oxidative damage, Neuronal disorganisation, Microglial activation

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