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Spinal Cord Injury
Controlled Cortical Impact - induces focal brain injury via direct mechanical impact

Spinal Cord Injury

  • Genotype

    Contusion 

  • Mechanism

    Contusion - Mechanical disruption of neuronal axons and glial cells causes immediate, irreversible loss of neural activity, leading to sensory and motor dysfunction

  • Phenotype

    Locomotor activity, Paralysis, Exploratory behaviors, Loss of voluntary muscle control, Spasticity, Hyperreflexia, Anxiety, Cognitive deficits, Touch evoke response

  • Biomarker

    NfL, GFAP, S100β, Creatine kinase

  • Gene Expression Markers

    mbp, plp1 , tgf-β, mmp-9, gap-43, nrg1,sod1, gpx1, ho-1 ,ccl2

  • Physiology Changes

    Hyperreflexia, EEG - Slow wave activity,Electrophysiology - Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and Somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs)

  • Histology Grading Endpoint

    Central hemorrhagic necrosis, Cavitation, Axonal damage, Demyelination, Neuronal loss, Reactive gliosis

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