Haloperidol - Blockade of striatal dopamine receptors, along with neurotoxicity from haloperidol metabolites, causes receptor hypersensitivity
Tardive Dyskinesia
Genotype
Haloperidol
Mechanism
Blockade of striatal dopamine receptors, along with neurotoxicity from haloperidol metabolites, causes receptor hypersensitivity
Phenotype
Involuntary jerky movements, Struggling motor behaviour, Dysphagia, Motor coordination
Biomarker
Dopamine, S100B, N-acetylaspartylglutamate, TNF-α
Gene Expression Markers
Drd2, Drd1, Th, Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3
Physiology Changes
Jaw dysmorphism, Facial dyskinesia and EEG - Reduced beta activity
Histology Grading Endpoint
Reduced neuronal density and Reactive gliosis